Preface Models, Methods, and Measurement
نویسنده
چکیده
Preface MODELS, METHODS, AND MEASUREMENT Dreams of mathematical laws in psychology have persisted for well over a century in the fields of perception and psychophysics. In modern times, mathematical models have been prominent in judgment–decision and in learning. Mathematical models have also been proposed in social– personality, including integration models for attitudes (Chapter 7) and equity models in deserving theory (Chapter 2). To realize these dreams required radical conceptual reorientation—a shift from structure of the external world to structures of the internal world (The Dual Worlds: Internal and External in Chapter 7). Almost miraculously, the internal world of thought and action follows simple mathematical integration laws in most areas of human psychology. These empirical laws are the foundation of Information Integration Theory. The long-standing obstacle of true psychological measurement was central in establishing these psychological laws. Conceptual resolution was obtained by making the laws themselves the base and frame for measurement. Empirical resolution was obtained with methods discussed in this chapter. These empirical laws of information integration, established by many investigators in many countries, are the foundation of psychological measurement theory. Popular pitfalls invalidate not a few publlications. Among these are comparing relative importance of different variables, meaninglessness of much “statistical interaction,” illusion of “statistical control,” and meretricious ρ values (Faulty Methods and Measurement Pitfalls). Methodological issues that arise in planning and interpreting experiments are also discussed, especially extrastatistical inference.
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